Modern Psychology

Articles

• Articles

  THE IMPACT OF PERSONAL MATURITY ON FAMILY STABILITY

  Anna Aleksanyan

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  Abstract

  This article discusses the impact of psychological traits and personal maturity on family stability. The family, being the most significant institution in society, is where a person’s identity is formed and developed. The influence of the family on the development of personal identity is immense, especially in the context of communication dynamics and parenting styles, which shape individual behavior, emotional health, and psychological well-being. These, in turn, are crucial factors for forming a stable and strong family.

  Family stability is greatly influenced by the social environment, economic factors, and the cultural characteristics of society. A key role in building harmonious and stable family relationships is played by personal maturity, which is a lifelong, ongoing process of self-development. One component of personal maturity is considered to be a person's ability to form and live within a family. Many psychologists argue that family stability, as a problem, depends on the ability to overcome cohabitation challenges, and in this context, the issue of individual maturity is often overlooked. There arises a need to determine how personal maturity and family relationships are interconnected and what patterns they follow.

  A study was conducted on the psychological maturity and personal traits of individuals who have been married for a long time and those who are divorced. This research made it possible to identify key components of personal maturity that affect family stability. The article also addresses the development of criteria for personal maturity across various scientific and psychological approaches. It presents several theoretical perspectives on family and personal maturity and offers a comparative analysis of contemporary approaches.

  The study reveals that married individuals demonstrate a higher level of goal orientation, characterized by a stable, conscious, and consistent pursuit of desired outcomes. Goal orientation encompasses the ability to set objectives, plan their achievement, and overcome both internal and external obstacles. This trait is closely linked to the perception of life’s meaning and reflects an individual’s psychological maturity. Additionally, the research identifies lower levels of self-awareness among divorced participants. Since self-awareness—formed through reflection on one’s behavior and experiences—is a key indicator of personal maturity, its development may play a crucial role in maintaining family stability.

  Overall, the findings suggest that traits associated with personal maturity significantly influence the sustainability of marital relationships and can be further developed. These results open avenues for future research into the psychological factors that contribute to the preservation or dissolution of family bonds. The observed trends resulting from the study may indicate the presence of certain personal characteristics that can influence the stability of marital relationships.
  The research will contribute to the formation of approaches aimed at developing personal factors that support family stability.

  References

  1. Petrosyan, L. (2016). Psychological Patterns of Personal Professional Development. Yerevan: 248 pages. 1

  2. Petrosyan, L., & Galstyan, A. (2021). Questionnaire for Evaluating the Socio-Psychological Maturity of a Specialist. Yerevan: Author’s Publishing, 48 pages

  3. Sedrakyan S., Maina T. Family Psychology. – USA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013. – ISBN 10: 1483951588. 3

  4. Tseluyko V.M. Psikhologiya sovremennoy sem'i. – M.: GITS «VLADOS», 2004 (in Russian)

  5. Golod S.I., Stabil'nost' sem'i: sotsiologicheskiye i demograficheskiye aspekty. – L.: Nauka, 1984. – 136 s (in Russian)

  6. Elena Luneva, Lubov Bondarenko Problems of stability of a young family in modern society. //Science Time. 2014. №6 (6). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-stabilnosti-molodoy-semi-v-sovremennom-obschestve [10.01.25թ.]

  7. Doan L., Quadlin N., Khanna K. Using experiments to study families and intimate relationships // Journal of Marriage and Family. – 2024. – Vol. 86. – P. 1251–1271. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12959.

  8. Grevenstein D., Bluemke M., Schweitzer J., Aguilar-Raab C. Better family relationships – higher well-being: The connection between relationship quality and health related resources // Mental Health & Prevention. – 2019. – Vol. 14. – Article ID: 200160. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mph.2019.200160.

• Articles

  THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF OLDER ADULTS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

  Anna Nadoyan, Anahit Stepanyan

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  Abstract

  In contemporary digital society the psychological well-being and social integration of older adults are increasingly connected to their attitudes toward digital technologies and their skills in using them. This study aims to analyze the psychological impact of digital technologies on individuals aged 65 and above, focusing on psychological adaptation, social health, and cognitive functions.

  The study was conducted in 2024-2025, involving 150 participants aged 65-85 years. Results indicate that active use of digital technologies can have both positive and negative psychological consequences, depending on the intensity of use, motivations, and level of social support. Key findings show that moderate use contributes to maintaining cognitive activity and strengthening social connections, while excessive or uncontrolled use can lead to stress, anxiety, and social isolation.

  References

  1. Chen, L., Zhang, Y., & Wang, M. (2022). Digital isolation among older adults: A systematic review of social media use and mental health outcomes. Journal of Aging and Technology, 15(2), 234-251.

  2. Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.

  3. Mitzner, T. L., Savla, J., Boot, W. R., Sharit, J., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., & Rogers, W. A. (2019). Technology adoption by older adults: Findings from the PRISM trial. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 34-44.

  4. Park, D. C., Lodi-Smith, J., Drew, L., Haber, S., Hebrank, A., Bischof, G. N., & Aamodt, W. (2014). The impact of sustained engagement on cognitive function in older adults: The Synapse Project. Psychological Science, 25(1), 103-112.

  5. Peek, S. T., Wouters, E. J., van Hoof, J., Luijkx, K. G., Boeije, H. R., & Vrijhoef, H. J. (2014). Factors influencing acceptance and use of technology for aging in place: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 83(4), 235-248.

  6. Ragu-Nathan, T. S., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Tu, Q. (2008). The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and empirical validation. Information Systems Research, 19(4), 417-433.

  7. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.

  8. Schwartz, E., & Ayalon, L. (2020). Technology adoption by older adults: Differences between younger-old and older-old. Innovation in Aging, 4(3), igaa021.

  9. Wang, S., Bolling, K., Mao, W., Reichstadt, J., Jeste, D., Kim, H. C., & Nebeker, C. (2023). Technology to support aging in place: Older adults' perspectives. Healthcare, 7(2), 60.

  10. Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30-41.

• Articles

  THE INFLUENCE OF ESG METRICS ON INVESTOR BEHAVIOR AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS THROUGH THE LENS OF MENTAL HEURISTICS

  Arevik Heboyan

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  Abstract

  Investor decision-making is often shaped by research of a range of financial and non-financial parameters of the investee company for predicting investment profitability, understanding future risks and challenges associated with the product or market as a whole, creating a mental image/profile of the company with its advantages and disadvantages. Psychological research from the 1970s and on allowed us to conceptualize real-world decision-making (DM), understand the limitations of human information processing and the influence of personal cognitive, emotional features bounding our rationality, yet allowing us to make optimal decisions. The research gave us an understanding of cognitive mechanisms of heuristics and biases, which somewhat simplify the complex informational flow and optimize the process of mental analysis, yet can create some systematic errors or skewed perceptions of the situation or a sense of overconfidence. This study explores how ethical considerations function as heuristics in guiding investment behavior, particularly in the context of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance. Drawing from behavioral finance theory, we hypothesize that ethical reputation acts as a cue that influences perceived trustworthiness, and depending on the intentions of the investor (fast gain or slow grow) can affect their decisions differently.

  Using a sample of 37 investors, we conducted a mixed-methods study combining decision-making and mental heuristics profile and personal DM factors with the self-perceived effectiveness of investment behavior and proneness to consider ESG metrics. The results demonstrate that long-term investors systematically utilize ESG data and, through the lens of heuristics and biases (the interconnection yet to be researched), impact DM. Ye,t considering ESG metrics important, the investors did not necessarily perform ESG information-seeking behavior. These findings highlight the intersection between ethics and cognitive processing in financial contexts. Ethical cues appear to serve as intuitive filters in investment judgments, suggesting that proper ESG reporting and communication may significantly shape market behavior through psychological channels.

  References

  1. "Behavioral Finance: Psychology, Decision-Making, and Markets"; Editors: Lucy Ackert, Richard Deaves; Cengage Learning; 352p; 2009

  2. “Market Mind Games”, D. Shull, McGrow Hill, 270p; .2012,

  3. "Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment"; Editors: Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, Daniel Kahneman; : Cambridge University Press; 857p; 2002

  4. “A Brief Overview of Over 160 Cognitive Biases”, Durmus, Self-published, 232 p; 2022,

  5. “BEHAVIORAL FINANCE How Psychological Factors Can Influence the Stock Market”, Gregor Kaufmann, Self-Published, 140p.; 2021,

  6. “Sustainable Value: How the World’s Leading Companies Are Doing Well by Doing Good”, C. Laszlo, 208p.;2008

  7. “Integrated Management: How Sustainability Creates Value for Any Business”, 433p., 2018

  8. “The Development of Non‑financial Reporting: The Role of Sustainability Reporting (SR) and Integrated Reporting (IR)”, Minutiello, 98p.; 2025

  9. P. Cician; A. Cupak; P. Fessler; D. Kanncs, 2022; https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.14548

  10. The role of investment beliefs and heuristics in corporate valuation, Magnus Jansson, Lana Sabelfeld, Sakarias Einar Sefik Bank, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-08-2023-0200

  11. The Impact of ESG Management on Investment Decision: Institutional Investors’ Perceptions of Country‑Specific ESG Criteria, Park & Jang, International Journal of Financial Studies, Volume 9, Issue 3 (2021), DOI: [10.3390/ijfs9030048]

  12. Understanding ESG Scores and Firm Performance: Are High‑Performing Firms E, S, and G‑Balanced? Lee, Raschke & Krishen, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 195 (2023), DOI: [10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122779]

  13. The Impact of ESG Practices in Industry with a Focus on Carbon Emissions: Insights and Future Perspectives, Baratta, Cimino, Longo, Solina & Verteramo (2023), Sustainability (Vol. 15, No. 8), DOI: 10.3390/su15086685

  14. The Effects of Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosures and Performance on Firm Value: A Review of the Literature in Accounting and Finance, Brooks & Oikonomou (2018), The British Accounting Review (Vol. 50, Issue 1), DOI: 10.1016/j.bar.2017.11.005

  15. Scoring Environment Pillar in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Assessment, Senadheera et al. (2021), Sustainable Environment (Vol. 7, No. 1), DOI: 10.1080/27658511.2021.1960097

  16. A Review on ESG Investing: Investors' Expectations, Beliefs, and Perceptions, Kräussl (2024), Journal of Economic Surveys, DOI: 10.1111/joes.12599

  17. Factors Associated With ESG Investment Attitude, Dinh et al. (2025), Corporate Finance Review, DOI: 10.1002/cfp2.1201

  18. A Study on the Mechanism of ESG's Impact on Corporate Value and Innovation, Jin (2023), Sustainability (MDPI), DOI: 10.3390/su1508442

  19. The Effect of Foreign Investors on ESG Investment Efficiency, Kim (2025), Sustainability (MDPI), https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052267

• Articles

  THE ROLE OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT IN PREDICTING ACCULTURATION STRATEGIES

  George Gharibian

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  Abstract

  Family environment, particularly family dynamics, plays a crucial role in shaping individuals’ self-concepts, which in turn influence the development of their ethnic identity. Ethnic identity can affect how immigrants perceive both their heritage culture and the host culture. If individuals relate positively to their family, they are more likely to value their family culture, while negative family experiences may result in the rejection of their family culture. These familial experiences can also extend to influence interpersonal relationships outside of the family. A positive identification with one’s own culture is often associated with more positive interactions with other cultures. This study revisits primary archival data on family environment and acculturation, providing a reinterpretation of the results through the lens of an updated literature review. It is hypothesized that the family environment can influence acculturation strategies such that more positive experiences lead to more positive acculturation strategies, and conversely, negative experiences may lead to more negative acculturation experiences. Analysis of the data partially supports these hypotheses, indicating that participants who reported more conflictual experiences with their family tended to reject their family heritage culture and adopt more stressful acculturation strategies, such as the marginalization strategy. However, a positive family environment was not a significant predictor of acculturation strategies. Additionally, age and years residing in the U.S. were examined as control variables. The discussion explores the implications of the findings in the areas of individual and family therapy.    

  References

  1. Bekteshi, V., & Kang, S. W. (2020). Contextualizing acculturative stress among Latino immigrants in the United States: A systematic review. Ethnicity & health, 25(6), 897-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2018.1469733

  2. Berry, J. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x

  3. Berry, J. W. (2006). Contexts of acculturation. The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology, 27(42), 328-336.

  4. Brown, R. (2020). The social identity approach: Appraising the Tajfellian legacy. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59(1), 5-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12349

  5. Cabassa, L. J. (2003). Measuring acculturation: Where we are and where we need to go. Hispanic journal of behavioral sciences, 25(2), 127-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986303025002001

  6. Cano, M. Á., Castillo, L. G., Castro, Y., de Dios, M. A., & Roncancio, A. M. (2014). Acculturative stress and depressive symptomatology among Mexican and Mexican American students in the US: Examining associations with cultural incongruity and intragroup marginalization. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 36, 136-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-013-9196-6

  7. Choi, Y., Tan, K. P. H., Yasui, M., & Hahm, H. C. (2016). Advancing understanding of acculturation for adolescents of Asian immigrants: Person-oriented analysis of acculturation strategy among Korean American youth. Journal of youth and adolescence, 45, 1380-1395.

  8. Choy, B., Arunachalam, K., Gupta, S., Taylor, M., & Lee, A. (2021). Systematic review: Acculturation strategies and their impact on the mental health of migrant populations. Public Health in Practice, 2, 100069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2020.100069

  9. Çimşir, E., & Kaynakçı, F. Z. Ü. (2024). Acculturative stress and depressive symptoms among international university students: A meta-analytic investigation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 102, 102041. https://doi.org:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102041

  10. Ferenczi, N., Marshall, T. C., & Bejanyan, K. (2015). The protective and detrimental effects of self-construal on perceived rejection from heritage culture members. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00100

  11. Goldenberg, H., & Goldenberg, I. (2013). Family therapy: An overview (8th ed.). Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.

  12. Gonzalez-Guarda, R. M., Stafford, A. M., Nagy, G. A., Befus, D. R., & Conklin, J. L. (2021). A systematic review of physical health consequences and acculturation stress among Latinx individuals in the United States. Biological Research for Nursing, 23(3), 362-374. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800420968889

  13. Harris, K. M., & Chen, P. (2023). The acculturation gap of parent–child relationships in immigrant families: A national study. Family relations, 72(4), 1748-1772. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12760

  14. Marcia, J. (2002). Identity and psychosocial development in adulthood. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2(1), 7–28.

  15. Martinez, S., Torres, V., Wallace White, L., Medrano, C. I., Robledo, A. L., & Hernandez, E. (2012). The influence of family dynamics on ethnic identity among adult Latinas. Journal of Adult Development, 19, 190-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-012-9146-2

  16. Moos, R., Moos, B. (1994). Family environment scale manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

  17. Phinney, J. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 499-514. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499

  18. Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of counseling Psychology, 54(3), 271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.271

  19. Rosenthal, D., & Feldman, S. (1992). The Relationship between parenting behaviour and ethnic identity in Chinese-American and Chinese-Australian adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 27(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207599208246863

  20. Ryder, A. G., Alden, L. E., & Paulhus, D. L. (2000). Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality, self-identity, and adjustment. Journal of personality and social psychology, 79(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.49

  21. Sabatier, C. (2008). Ethnic and national identity among second-generation immigrant adolescents in France: The role of social context and family. Journal of adolescence, 31(2), 185-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.08.001

  22. Santisteban, D. A., Mena, M. P., & Abalo, C. (2013). Bridging diversity and family systems: Culturally informed and flexible family-based treatment for Hispanic adolescents. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 2(4), 246. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000013

  23. Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Zamboanga, B. L., & Szapocznik, J. (2010). Rethinking the concept of acculturation: implications for theory and research. American psychologist, 65(4), 237. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019330

  24. Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories. New York: Cambridge University Press.

• Articles

  PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILES OF STUDENTS MAJORING IN HUMANITIES: CLUSTER ANALYSIS

  Violeta Mosinyan-Meier, Hrant Avanesyn

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  Abstract

  In this study, we define the psychological profiles (PP) of students in the humanities (SHF) of Armenia and Germany. The objective of this work is to empirically identify stable clusters that differ in the degree of anxiety, self-esteem and motivation of students. The hypothesis of the study is that in the Armenian and German samples of SHF there are clusters that differ in the stability of the emotional background, expressed anxiety and motivational types. The study involved 600 SHF (300 from Armenia, 300 from Germany); the average age in Armenia was 23 years, in Germany - 32 years. The STAI, Budassi S.A. and the academic motivation technique of Gordeeva L.G. and Osin E.N. were used. The data were processed using the methods of correlation, variance and cluster analysis. The results of the study showed that SHF of Armenia are dominated by a high level of anxiety, while SHF of Germany are more characterized by extrinsic motivation. Cluster analysis identified four stable PPs: emotionally stable, flexibly motivated, anxious-dependent, and uncertain-contradictory. The findings confirm the relationship between anxiety, self-esteem, and motivation, as well as the importance of intrinsic motivation for successful adaptation of the SHF.

  References

  1. Antoshkina E. A., Pozdnyakov G. V. Sovremennye podkhody k izucheniyu psikhologicheskogo profilya studenta // Upravlenie obrazovaniem: teoriya i praktika / Education Management Review. – 2025. – T. 15. – № 2-2. – S. 227–236. – DOI 10.25726/g9123-2791-4627-y. – EDN WVRWLA. – URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennye-podhody-k-izucheniyu-psihologicheskogo-profilya-studenta/viewer (data obrashcheniya: 11.10.2025).

  2. Borodovitsyna T. O. Osobennosti psikhologicheskogo blagopoluchiya studentov razlichnykh profiley podgotovki // Mir nauki. Pedagogika i psikhologiya / World of Science. Pedagogy and Psychology. – 2020. – T. 8. – № 4. – URL: https://mir-nauki.com/PDF/45PSMN420.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 11.10.2025). – ISSN 2658-6282.

  3. Grishina A. V., Koscova M. V. Vzaimosvyaz psikhologicheskikh granits i samootsenki u studentov gumanitarnogo profilya // Uchenye zapiski. Elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. – 2023. – № 4 (68). – S. 298–312. – URL: https://api-mag.kursksu.ru/api/v1/get_pdf/4886 (data obrashcheniya: 13.10.2025).

  4. Fedoseeva T. E., Okhrimchuk Ya. A., Solodova S. D. Lichnostnye osobennosti studentov psikhologicheskogo i pedagogicheskogo profiley podgotovki // Vestnik Mininskogo universiteta. – 2025. – Vyp. 86. Ch. 3. – S. 376–379.

  5. Gordeeva T. O., Nechaeva D. M., Sychev O. A. Istochniki motivatsii i akademicheskikh dostizheniy studentov: rol roditelskogo kontrolya i podderzhki avtonomii // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 14. Psikhologiya. – 2024. – T. 47. – № 3. – S. 33–55. – DOI 10.11621/LPJ-24-28. – URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384163866 (data obrashcheniya: 17.10.2025).

  6. Achuodho H. O., Berki T., Piko B. F. A cluster analysis of identity processing styles and educational and psychological variables among TVET students in the Nyanza region of Kenya. Education Sciences. 2025. Vol. 15, № 2. Article 135. DOI: 10.3390/educsci15020135.

  7. Liu F., Yang D., Liu Y., Zhang Q., Chen S., Li W., Ren J., Tian X., Wang X. Use of latent profile analysis and k-means clustering to identify student anxiety profiles. BMC Psychiatry. 2022. Vol. 22. Article 12. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03648-7.

  8. Méndez I., Ruiz-Esteban C., Martínez-Ramón J. P., García-Fernández J. M. Profiles of intrinsic motivation and motivational learning strategies in Spanish university students. Current Psychology. 2025. Vol. 44. pp. 4649–4657. DOI: 10.1007/s12144-025-07502-x.

  9. Spielberger Ch. D. Metodika issledovaniya trevozhnosti Ch. D. Spielbergera (STAI) // Psikhologicheskie testy onlayn. – URL: https://psytests.org/anxiety/stai.html (data obrashcheniya: 11.11.2025).

  10. Budassi S. A. Metodika opredeleniya samootsenki lichnosti [Elektronnyy resurs].–URL: https://kogpk.ru/f/test_opredeleniya_samoocenki_metodika_budassi.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 16.10.2025).

  11. Gordeeva T. O., Sychev O. A., Osin E. N. Shkala uchebnoy motivatsii studentov (AMS): razrabotka i approbatsiya metodiki // Natsionalnyy issledovatelskiy universitet “Vysshaya shkola ekonomiki”. – 2010. – URL: https://publications.hse.ru/pubs/share/folder/y93jdtmioo/122549995.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 17.10.2025).

• Articles

  FORMALIZED HANDWRITING ANALYSIS AS A COMPLEMENTARY TOOL IN FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

  Yury Chernov, Ruben Aghuzumtsyan

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  Abstract

  Forensic psychological assessment demands a comprehensive, scientifically grounded approach capable of capturing both explicit behavior and implicit psychological dynamics. This article explores the role of formalized handwriting analysis as a structured projective method that complements traditional tools within a multimodal forensic framework. The approach relies on standardized definitions, measurable handwriting parameters, and statistical modeling to translate observable motor patterns into psychologically meaningful indicators.

  By focusing on measurable or at least quantitatively assessed handwriting features, such as spatial layout, pressure, speed, form, rhythm, and variability, the method provides access to implicit emotional and cognitive dynamics that are often inaccessible through self-report or structured testing. Its unobtrusive and natural character makes it particularly effective in forensic contexts, where examinees may consciously attempt to regulate or distort self-presentation.

  Although empirical validation remains an ongoing process, each application contributes to the refinement and confirmation of model reliability. Case-based analyses demonstrate that handwriting indicators can align meaningfully with expert psychological judgments and behavioral observations, while occasional discrepancies help refine interpretation and promote diagnostic caution. Through methodological triangulation, this approach supports the integration of implicit and explicit data, enhancing both the depth and the objectivity of forensic conclusions.

  Formalized handwriting analysis, when applied within a multimethod design, supported by AI-methods and interpreted by qualified professionals, offers an additional layer of insight into personality structure and behavioral regulation. Its systematic and transparent use reinforces the scientific validity and legal defensibility of expert psychological evaluations, contributing to more comprehensive and credible forensic assessments.

  References

  1. Howitt, D. (2018). Introduction to Forensic and Criminal Psychology (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson.

  2. Aghuzumtsyan, R.V., Shahverdyan, G.D., Mamyan, T.S., Hambardzumyan M.V., & Gabrielyan, A.K. (2023). Systemic Features of Forensic and Legal Psychological Expertise. In Handwriting Research: Forensics & Legal. Chernov, Y., Nauer, MA (eds.) (pp. 109–130). Zurich: IHS Books. https://doi.org/10.61246/ihs2/ra105126

  3. Aghuzumtsyan, R., & Shahverdyan, G. (2021). Specifics of Forensic Psychology Analysis of Psychological Abuse. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics, 24(2), 77-91. https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2021.05

  4. Aghuzumtsyan R. V. (2023, April 13-14). Ways to improve the effectiveness of forensic-psychological expertise. Materials of the 5th International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Professor G.L. Granovsky, Russian State University of Justice, Moscow.

  5. Flick, U. (1992). Triangulation revisited: Strategy of validation or alternative? Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 22(2), 175–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1992.tb00215.x.

  6. Frank, L. K. (1939). Projective Methods for the Study of Personality, The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 8, 2, 389-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1939.9917671

  7. Chernov, Y. G. (2021). Komp'yuternyye metody analiza pocherka. Tsyurikh: IHS Books(In Russian)

  8. Chernov, Y. (2023). Psychometric Modeling of Handwriting as a Nonverbal Assessment Instrument and Its Properties. In Quantitative Psychology. IMPS 2022. Wiberg, M., Molenaar, D., González, J., Kim, JS., Hwang, H. (eds) (Vol. 422, pp. 347–355). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27781-8_30.

  9. Chernov, Y. (2018). Formal Validation of Handwriting Analysis. In Handwriting Research. Validation & Quality. Chernov, Y., Nauer, MA (eds.) (pp. 37–68). Zurich: IHS Books.

  10. Gagiu, D., & Sendrescu, D. (2025). Detection of Personality Traits Using Handwriting and Deep Learning, Appl. Sci., 15, 2154. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15042154.

  11. Gavrilescu, M., & Vizireanu, N. (2018). Predicting the Big Five personality traits from handwriting, J Image Video Proc., 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-018-0297-3

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